Do men improve their bone mineral density 1 year after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism? Results of a prospective study.

Background: The impact of parathyroidectomy on bone mineral density in men with primary hyperparathyroidism is poorly known. This study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density and bone remodeling biomarker changes in men with primary hyperparathyroidism 1 year after parathyroidectomy.

Methods: Men operated for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism between 2016 and 2022, enrolled in a monocentric prospective cohort, were analyzed. Patients with follow-up <1 year or missing data were excluded. Bone mineral density (dual X-ray absorptiometry) was measured before and 12 months after parathyroidectomy. Bone mineral density change ≥0.03g/cm was deemed significant. Bone remodeling biomarkers were serum cross-linked C-telopeptide, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatases.

Results: Forty-five men were included (mean age 58.8 ± 13.1 years). Before surgery, 49% had osteopenia, and 11% had osteoporosis. Mean serum calcium and median serum parathyroid hormone levels decreased significantly after surgery (P < .0001). One year after parathyroidectomy, the mean bone mineral density increased significantly at the lumbar spine (+0.04g/cm [0.01;0.70], P = .0054), femoral neck (+0.04g/cm [0.03;0.05], P < .0001) and total hip (+0.02g/cm [0.01;0.03], P = .0002). Considering significant bone mineral density gain (+1 point) and loss (-1 point) at each site, 29/45 patients (64% [95% CI 49;78]) improved. Bone remodeling biomarker concentrations significantly decreased (P < .001).

Conclusion: Parathyroidectomy positively affects bone mineral density in men with primary hyperparathyroidism, supporting osteopenia as a surgical indication in these patients.