Multiple brain abscesses caused by : Case report and literature review.

are opportunistic pathogens mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals. , a novel species, can cause severe infections. We present a case of multiple brain abscesses due to , discussing its diagnosis and treatment. In January 2022, a 27-year-old Chinese woman with a history of atypical membranous nephropathy presented with low-grade fever, cough, limb weakness, and headaches. Imaging revealed lung and brain lesions. Neurological symptoms worsened over time, culminating in recurrent seizures and severe headaches. A brain MRI confirmed multiple abscesses. Craniotomy and lesion removal were performed, leading to a diagnosis of brain abscesses caused by . Empirical antibiotics were followed by targeted regimen. After successful treatment, the patient remained symptom-free during follow-ups. multiple brain abscesses are exceedingly rare. This case underscores the importance of considering nocardiosis in immunosuppressed patients presenting with neurological symptoms. Timely neurosurgical intervention and effective antibiotic therapy are crucial. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing proved invaluable for rapid diagnosis. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and a carbapenem followed by TMP-SMX alone achieved disease control. This case contributes to the understanding of infections and highlights the role of neurosurgical procedures in managing disseminated nocardiosis.