Associations of nighttime light exposure during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal gut microbiota: A cohort study.

Background: Nighttime light (NTL) pollution has been reported as a risk factor for human health. However, the relationship between NTL and gut microbiota has not been reported in pregnant women and neonates. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between NTL and gut microbial diversity and composition in mothers and their neonates.

Methods: This study analyzed 44 mothers and 28 newborns. The composition of gut microbiota was evaluated using 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing. The monthly mean NTL exposure during pregnancy was respectively calculated based on each participant's residential address (NTL) and a concentric 1 km radius buffer zone around their address (NTL). The relationships between NTL exposure and gut microbiota of mothers and newborns were assessed using generalized linear models.

Results: NTL exposure during pregnancy was not associated with alpha diversity of mothers or neonates. For mothers, results revealed that after adjusting for covariates, NTL was negatively correlated with Prevotella_2 (p = 0.004, FDR-adjusted p = 0.030) and norank_o__Gastranaerophilales (p = 0.018, FDR-adjusted p = 0.049) at the genus level. In addition, Lachnospira (p = 0.036, FDR-adjusted p = 0.052) and Coprococcus_3 (p = 0.025, FDR-adjusted p = 0.052) were positively correlated with NTL. The association between Coprococcus_3 (p = 0.01, FDR-adjusted p = 0.046) and NTL persisted even after controlling for covariates. For neonates, Thauera was positively associated with NTL (p = 0.015) and NTL (p = 0.028), however, after adjusting for covariates and FDR correction, Thauera was not significantly associated with NTL and NTL.

Conclusions: This study found that NTL exposure was associated with maternal gut microbiota composition. Our findings provide a foundation for the potential impact of NTL exposure on maternal gut microbiota from a microbiological perspective. More population-based validation of the effects of NTL exposure on human gut microbiota is needed in future.