Objectives: Block grant funding provides federal financial support to states, with increased flexibility as to how those funds can be allocated at the community level. At the state level, block grant amounts and distributions are often based on outdated formulas that consider population measures and funding environments at the time of their creation. We describe variation in state-level funding allocations for 5 federal block grant programs and the extent to which funding aligns with the current needs of state populations.
Methods: We conducted an analysis in 2022 of state block grant allocations as a function of state-level characteristics for 2015-2019 for all 50 states. We provide descriptive statistics of state block grant allocations and multivariate regression models for each program. Models include base characteristics relevant across programs plus supplemental characteristics based on program-specific goals and state population needs.
Results: Mean state block grant allocations per 1000 population by program ranged from $618 to $21 528 during 2015-2019. Characteristics associated with state allocations varied across block grants. For example, for every 1-percentage-point increase in the percentage of the population living in nonmetropolitan areas, Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant funding was approximately $7 per 1000 population higher and Community Services Block Grant funding was approximately $40 per 1000 population higher. Few supplemental characteristics were associated with allocations.
Conclusions: Current block grant funding does not align with state characteristics and needs. Future research should consider how funds are used at the state level or allocated to local agencies or organizations and compare state block grant allocations with other types of funding mechanisms, such as categorical funding.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549231205338 | DOI Listing |
EMBO J
March 2025
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Center II (BMZ II), Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany.
Widespread control of gene expression through translation has emerged as a key level of spatiotemporal regulation of protein expression. A prominent mechanism by which ribosomes can confer gene regulation is via internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESes), whose functions have however, remained difficult to rigorously characterize. Here we present a set of technologies in embryos and cells, including IRES-mediated translation of circular RNA (circRNA) reporters, single-molecule messenger (m)RNA isoform imaging, PacBio long-read sequencing, and isoform-sensitive mRNA quantification along polysome profiles as a new toolbox for understanding IRES regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
March 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are effective for advanced melanoma. However, most develop ICI resistance. Tumor-derived soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and other immunosuppressive factors drive resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSleep Breath
March 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC10-5550, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition affecting millions worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, including ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). The relationship between OSA and STEMI is complex, with OSA potentially exacerbating the severity of coronary artery disease and influencing outcomes following acute coronary events.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2021.
Molecules
March 2025
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Multidentate bispidine ligands, including tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octadentate variants, exhibit strong coordination tendencies due to their intrinsic rigidity, significant reorganization potential, and ability to efficiently encapsulate metal ions. These structural attributes profoundly influence the thermodynamic stability, metal ion selectivity, redox behavior, and spin-state configuration of the resulting complexes. Metal ions, in turn, serve as highly suitable candidates for coordination due to their remarkable kinetic inertness, rapid complex formation kinetics, and low redox potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Rheum Dis
March 2025
Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic (member of European Reference Network [ERN]-for rare diseases RITA), University of Barcelona, Centre de Recerca biomèdica (CRB)-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
Objectives: Blocking interleukin (IL)-6-receptor with tocilizumab has been a major advance in the treatment of giant-cell arteritis (GCA), supporting a crucial role of IL-6 receptor signalling. However, nearly half of the patients are not able to maintain glucocorticoid- free remission with tocilizumab. The impact of tocilizumab on vascular lesions of GCA is largely unknown since conflicting results have been obtained by imaging.
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