The effect of advanced footwear technology on elite male marathon race speed.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the ergogenic effect of advanced footwear technology (AFT) upon world-class male marathon running speed.

Method: A retrospective analysis of 99 world-class male marathon runners' performances between 2012 and 2021 was undertaken, providing a sample size of 971 performances, split into two footwear groups: AFT (n = 299) and traditional (n = 672). Additionally, details regarding the year of the marathon performance and racecourse were extracted. A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis were undertaken identifying athlete (Wald Z = 2.821; p = .005) and course (Wald Z = 4.111; p < 0.001) as significant contributors to the variance in marathon running speed and as such were included as random factors with footwear type set as a fixed factor.

Results: World-class male marathon running speeds were significantly faster (p < 0.001) when running in AFT (5.441 ms) when compared with traditional shoes (5.386 ms) with a mean difference of 0.055 ms (95% CI 0.039-0.071 ms), translating to an improvement in marathon speed of 1.0% or a 79 s improvement in marathon race time.

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate an improvement in world-class male marathon running speed of 1% when running in AFT, a near identical degree of improvement to the male marathon world record ran in AFT. Whilst a 1% improvement in marathon running times associated with AFT is smaller than previously predicted utilizing laboratory-based models, this still reflects a significant degree of improvement at the elite level.