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Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral tick-borne infection occurring in many parts of Europe and Asia as described in this review. Increasing TBE case numbers have been reported over recent decades. In Denmark the infection is rare (1-14 annual cases). The rise in TBE in Denmark is mainly driven by microfoci outside of Bornholm, primarily North Zealand. Clinical illness has a bi-phasic presentation: "summer-flu" which may be followed by a neuroinfection. No specific treatment exists, and mortality is less-than 1%. A considerable percentage of patients may experience neurological sequelae. TBE is preventable through vaccination.