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Sexual and asexual development: two distinct programs producing the same tunicate.
Cell Rep
January 2021
Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Colonial tunicates, like Botryllus schlosseri, can develop into adults either through sexual reproduction (embryogenesis) or asexual renewal (blastogenesis) using stem cells.
- Researchers used transcriptomics (study of RNA) and microscopy to create a detailed map of the molecular and structural changes during both developmental pathways, finding that molecular profiles are mostly different but some timing of organ formation is similar.
- By comparing B. schlosseri's development with other chordates, the study highlights that even with similar adult forms, the underlying molecular processes can vary significantly, emphasizing the role of stem cells and transcription factors.
Sixty years of experimental studies on the blastogenesis of the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri.
Dev Biol
April 2019
Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy.
In the second half of the eighteenth century, Schlosser and Ellis described the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri garnering the interest of scientists around the world. In the 1950's scientists began to study B. schlosseri and soon recognized it as an important model organism for the study of developmental biology and comparative immunology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTesting an unusual in vivo vessel network model: a method to study angiogenesis in the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri.
Sci Rep
September 2014
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
Tunicates are the closest relatives to vertebrates and include the only chordate species able to reproduce both sexually and asexually. The colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri is embedded in a transparent extracellular matrix (the tunic) containing the colonial circulatory system (CCS). The latter is a network of vessels external to zooids, limited by a simple, flat epithelium that originated from the epidermis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSexual and asexual reproduction in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri.
Genesis
January 2015
Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
The colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri is a widespread filter-feeding ascidian that lives in shallow waters and is easily reared in aquaria. Its peculiar blastogenetic cycle, characterized by the presence of three blastogenetic generations (filtering adults, buds, and budlets) and by recurrent generation changes, has resulted in over 60 years of studies aimed at understanding how sexual and asexual reproduction are coordinated and regulated in the colony. The possibility of using different methodological approaches, from classical genetics to cell transplantation, contributed to the development of this species as a valuable model organism for the study of a variety of biological processes.
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