2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (Labate et al.) is the standard procedure for the treatment of large (≥2cm) kidney stones. The patient can be in prone or modified supine position. The puncture is performed under fluoroscopy and/or ultrasound guidance. The stone-free rate seems to be comparable between miniaturized and standard PCNL. Procedures performed with smaller diameter instruments tend to be associated with significant lower blood loss, but longer procedure times. The limitation of the number of percutaneous tracts results in better preservation of the kidney function and lowers the risk of complications. The use of tranexamic acid during PCNL may be interesting for reducing the bleeding risk, the transfusion rate, and possibly the intervention duration. METHODOLOGY: These recommendations were developed using two methods: the Clinical Practice Recommendation (CPR) method and the ADAPTE method, depending on whether the question was considered in the European Association of Urology (EAU) recommendations (https://uroweb.org/guidelines/urolithiasis [EAU 2022]) and their adaptability to the French context.