Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changchun, China.
Published: November 2023
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have circulated globally and caused substantial economic loss. Increasing numbers of humans have been infected with Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 AIVs in recent years. Only a few human influenza vaccines have been licensed to date. However, the licensed live attenuated influenza virus vaccine exhibited the potential of being recombinant with the wild-type influenza A virus (IAV). Therefore, we developed a chimeric cold-adapted attenuated influenza vaccine based on the Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 AIVs. These H5 vaccines demonstrate the advantage of being non-recombinant with circulated IAVs in the future influenza vaccine study. The findings of our current study reveal that these H5 vaccines can induce cross-reactive protective efficacy in mice and ferrets. Our H5 vaccines may provide a novel option for developing human-infected Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 AIV vaccines.
In April 2024, ten cats died in a rural South Dakota (SD) residence, showing respiratory and neurological symptoms. Necropsy and laboratory testing of two cats confirmed H5N1 clade 2.3.
* Research analyzed H5N6 and H5N8 viruses in Guangdong, China from 2020-2022, revealing H5N6 clustered in two clades while H5N8 only in clade 2.3.4.4b, demonstrating a replacement of older virus clades.
* The study found increased genetic diversity in H5Nx viruses, particularly in H5
Mass mortality in Caspian terns (), Pallas's gulls (), and Caspian gulls () was recorded on the northeastern shores of the Caspian Sea in June 2022. More than 5000 gulls and terns died due to the outbreak. The outbreak was investigated in the field, and representative numbers of samples were collected and analyzed using pathological, virological, and molecular methods.
In the winter of 2023/2024, the mass death of swans was observed on Lake Karakol on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea. From 21 December 2023 to 25 January 2024, 1132 swan corpses (, ) were collected and disposed of on the coast by veterinary services and ecologists. Biological samples were collected from 18 birds for analysis at different dates of the epizootic.
