Azomethine imines, broadly known as 1,3-dipoles, efficiently produce synthetically and biologically significant dinitrogen-fused heterocycles via predominantly concerted or ionic pathways. Herein, we describe a radical-based annulation of azomethine imines utilizing visible-light photoredox catalysis for the first time. This strategy enables the synthesis of dinitrogen-fused saturated six-membered cyclic products that have traditionally been difficult to access. Notably, our process exhibits exceptional diastereoselectivity, controlled by the anomeric effect. Initial mechanistic investigations reveal a tandem process comprising intermolecular radical addition and intramolecular 6--trig cyclization. This work illustrates potential within the realm of visible-light-driven radical cyclization reactions involving azomethine imines.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03180 | DOI Listing |
Mini Rev Med Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
Organic compounds containing azines, di-imines, or bis-Schiff-bases have two azomethine (-CH=N-) functional groups associated with a bridging component. These constituents have attracted attention from a diversity of disciplines, comprising coordination, medicinal, agriculture chemistry, and organic synthesis, because of their comprehensive chemical reactivity and nature. This study determines common synthetic approaches and various biological and pharmacological activities of several substituted bis-Schiff byproducts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
Easily obtainable and efficient chiral -symmetric bipyridine-,'-dioxide ligands with Ni(OTf) were developed for application in catalyzing [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions to synthesize optically active fused pyrazolidines or pyrazoline derivatives featuring three contiguous stereogenic centers by employing azomethine imines and α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles, affording the corresponding adducts with the opposite configuration compared to previous synthetic products in 80-98% yields with 28-99% ee and >20:1 dr. In addition, subsequent amplification experiments and derivative transformations of the product further demonstrated the efficient catalytic performance of the catalyst Ni(II)-bipyridine-,'-dioxide complexes and the practicality of this synthesis methodology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
December 2024
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
The chiral amine catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition between isatin-derived azomethine ylides and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was successfully carried out to afford spiro[oxindole-3,2'-pyrrolidine]s. It was anticipated that the formation of azomethine ylides occurred the cycloreversion of dispirooxindole-imidazolidines, which are precursor imine homodimers, in aqueous solvents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Rec
January 2025
N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Azomethines is a class of compounds, which have traditionally served as electrophilic substrates, but their reactions with radicals have long been limited. Photocatalysis provided ample opportunities for promoting these reactions, with wide variety of reagents serving as precursors of radicals. Besides regular addition mode at the azomethine fragment, the oxidative pathway, in which the C=N bond remains in the product, has become possible by proper selection of redox catalyst.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
December 2024
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China.
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