2D-TiCT MXene nanosheets intercalated with sodium ions (SI-TiCT) were synthesized and utilized in simultaneous adsorption and electrochemical regeneration with ciprofloxacin (CPX). The primary focus of this study is to investigate the long-term stability of SI-Ti3C2Tx MXene and to propose the underlying regeneration mechanisms. The successful synthesis of TiAlC, TiCT MXene, and SI-TiCT MXene was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical regeneration parameters such as charge passed, regeneration time, current density, and electrolyte composition were optimized with values of 787.5 C g, 7.5 min, 10 mA cm, and 2.5w/v% sodium chloride, respectively, enabling the complete regeneration of the SI-TiCT MXene. In addition, the electrochemical regeneration significantly enhanced CPX removal from the SI-TiCT MXene owing to partial amorphization, disorderliness, increased functional groups, delamination, and defect creation in the structure. Thus, the synthesized nano-adsorbent has proven helpful in practical water treatment with optimized electrochemical regeneration processes.
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