Fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-immunocompromised host: A case report.

Rationale: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an uncommon but life-threatening disease. The disease often occurs in immunocompromised patients or critically ill patients. Here, we reported that IPA occurred in a non-immunocompromised host.

Patient Concerns: A 45-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for 1 week due to fever and cough. He was engaged in waste recycling and lived in a dark and humid environment for a long time.

Diagnosis: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Interventions: Next generation sequencing and pathological examination of alveolar lavage fluid indicated aspergillus infection. He received voriconazole infusion after admission. After 5 weeks of antifungal treatment, his condition improved significantly and discharged.

Outcome: One week after discharge, his condition deteriorated again and returned to the hospital. Unfortunately, he died.

Lesson: The immunocompetent adults can develop invasive pulmonary aspergillosis if they are exposed to high-risk environments. IPA in non-immunocompromised host should arouse the vigilance of clinicians.