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The Expression Kinetics and Immunogenicity of Lipid Nanoparticles Delivering Plasmid DNA and mRNA in Mice. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are crucial for mRNA vaccine delivery, but their effectiveness for DNA vaccines is less understood, prompting this study.
  • The research compared three leading LNP formulations for delivering both mRNA and plasmid DNA (pDNA), focusing on factors like potency, expression duration, and immune responses in mice.
  • Results showed that RNA-LNPs (with SM-102 or ALC-0315 lipids) were the most effective and immunogenic, while DNA-LNPs with the same lipids had the longest signaling duration, indicating significant differences in performance between LNPs for mRNA and DNA vaccines.

Article Abstract

In recent years, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a revolutionary technology for vaccine delivery. LNPs serve as an integral component of mRNA vaccines by protecting and transporting the mRNA payload into host cells. Despite their prominence in mRNA vaccines, there remains a notable gap in our understanding of the potential application of LNPs for the delivery of DNA vaccines. In this study, we sought to investigate the suitability of leading LNP formulations for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA). In addition, we aimed to explore key differences in the properties of popular LNP formulations when delivering either mRNA or DNA. To address these questions, we compared three leading LNP formulations encapsulating mRNA- or pDNA-encoding firefly luciferase based on potency, expression kinetics, biodistribution, and immunogenicity. Following intramuscular injection in mice, we determined that RNA-LNPs formulated with either SM-102 or ALC-0315 lipids were the most potent (all -values < 0.01) and immunogenic (all -values < 0.05), while DNA-LNPs formulated with SM-102 or ALC-0315 demonstrated the longest duration of signal. Additionally, all LNP formulations were found to induce expression in the liver that was proportional to the signal at the injection site (SM102: r = 0.8787, < 0.0001; ALC0315: r = 0.9012, < 0.0001; KC2: r = 0.9343, < 0.0001). Overall, this study provides important insights into the differences between leading LNP formulations and their applicability to DNA- and RNA-based vaccinations.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610642PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101580DOI Listing

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