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Atherosclerosis from Newborn to Adult-Epidemiology, Pathological Aspects, and Risk Factors. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Cardiovascular disease is the top global cause of death, with 16.7 million fatalities annually, largely stemming from atherosclerosis, which is a chronic immune-inflammation process affecting arterial walls.
  • - Atherosclerosis begins in childhood with lipid and cell buildup in arteries, evolving into more dangerous forms like atheromas and plaques, which can lead to fatal complications like coronary thrombosis.
  • - The review focuses on the rise of atherosclerosis in children, highlighting key risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, and aims to inform on prevention and awareness.

Article Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, accounting for 16.7 million deaths each year. The underlying pathological process for the majority of cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis, a slowly progressing, multifocal, chronic, immune-inflammatory disease that involves the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. The process of atherosclerosis begins in childhood as fatty streaks-an accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, and smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall. Over time, a more complex lesion develops into an atheroma and characteristic fibrous plaques. Atherosclerosis alone is rarely fatal; it is the further changes that render fibrous plaques vulnerable to rupture; plaque rupture represents the most common cause of coronary thrombosis. The prevalence of atherosclerosis is increasing worldwide and more than 50% of people with circulatory disease die of it, mostly in modern societies. Epidemiological studies have revealed several environmental and genetic risk factors that are associated with the early formation of a pathogenic foundation for atherosclerosis, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking. The purpose of this review is to bring together the current information concerning the origin and progression of atherosclerosis in childhood as well as the identification of known risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in children.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608492PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13102056DOI Listing

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