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Different immunogens and prime-boost vaccination strategies affect the efficacy of recombinant candidate vaccines against pathogenic orthopoxviruses.
Virol J
November 2024
Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel", Rr. Dritan Hoxha, 123, Tirana, Albania.
Although not as lethal as variola virus (VARV), the cause of smallpox, monkeypox virus (MPXV) represents a threat to public health, with important infection rates and mortality in several African countries and signs of spreading worldwide. MPXV may establish new reservoirs in non-endemic countries and can be considered a possible biological weapon. Human-to-human MPXV transmission is increasing with a growing susceptibility, coincident with the declining herd immunity against smallpox.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of the Monkeypox Virus [MPX]-Specific Immune Response in MPX-Cured Individuals Using Whole Blood to Monitor Memory Response.
Vaccines (Basel)
August 2024
Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Monkeypox (Mpox) is a disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), and due to recent outbreaks outside Africa, many may lack immunity specifically for MPXV, though they might have some from past smallpox vaccinations.* -
- The study involved 16 people who recovered from Mpox and 15 healthy controls, using their blood samples to measure T-cell responses after exposure to MPXV and smallpox vaccine peptides.* -
- Results showed that those who recovered from Mpox had a significant immune response featuring multiple immune markers, indicating a mixed immune response that could help track immunity from vaccination or infection in the future.*
Clinical and laboratory predictors of mpox severity and duration: an Italian multicentre cohort study (mpox-Icona).
EBioMedicine
September 2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Background: Severe and prolonged mpox courses have been described during the 2022-2023 outbreak. Identifying predictors of severe evolution is crucial for improving management and therapeutic strategies. We explored the predictors of mpox severity and tested the association between mpox severity and viral load in biological fluids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of monkeypox- and vaccinia-virus neutralizing antibodies before and after smallpox vaccination: A sero-epidemiological study.
J Med Virol
June 2024
Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Since May 2022, several countries outside of Africa experienced multiple clusters of monkeypox virus (MPXV)-associated disease. In the present study, anti-MPXV and anti-vaccinia virus (VACV) neutralizing antibody responses were evaluated in two cohorts of subjects from the general Italian population (one half born before the WHO-recommended end of smallpox vaccination in 1980, the other half born after). Higher titers (either against MPXV or VACV) were observed in the cohort of individuals born before the interruption of VACV vaccination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring Viral Genome Profile in Mpox Patients during the 2022 Outbreak, in a North-Eastern Centre of Italy.
Viruses
May 2024
Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- * The study involved whole-genome sequencing of four unrelated mpox cases, revealing seven novel mutations linked to immune evasion and viral fitness, primarily influenced by the APOBEC3 enzyme.
- * Findings indicated mixed viral populations in patients, suggesting the possibility of co-infection, and further research with larger patient groups is needed to understand the implications of viral genome diversity.
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