Penidihydrocitrinins A-C: New Polyketides from the Deep-Sea-Derived W17 and Their Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Osteoporotic Bioactivities.

Three new polyketides (penidihydrocitrinins A-C, -) and fourteen known compounds (-) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived W17. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations. Compounds - were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic bioactivities. All isolates exhibited significant inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in murine brain microglial BV-2 cells in a dose-response manner. Notably, compound displayed the strongest effect with the IC value of 4.7 µM. Additionally, compounds , , and significantly enhanced osteoblast mineralization, which was comparable to that of the positive control, purmorphamine. Furthermore, these three compounds also suppressed osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner under the concentrations of 2.5 μM, 5.0 μM, and 10 μM.