Neonatal outcomes according to different degrees of maternal morbidity: cross-sectional evidence from the Perinatal Information System (SIP) of the CLAP network.

Background: The burden of maternal morbidity in neonatal outcomes can vary with the adequacy of healthcare provision and tool implementation to improve monitoring. Such information is lacking in Latin American countries, where the decrease in severe maternal morbidity and maternal death remains challenging.

Objectives: To determine neonatal outcomes according to maternal characteristics, including different degrees of maternal morbidity in Latin American health facilities.

Methods: This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Perinatal Information System (SIP) database from eight health facilities in five Latin American and Caribbean countries. Participants were all women delivering from August 2018 to June 2021, excluding cases of abortion, multiple pregnancies and missing information on perinatal outcomes. As primary and secondary outcome measures, neonatal near miss and neonatal death were measured according to maternal/pregnancy characteristics and degrees of maternal morbidity. Estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRadj) with their respective 95% CIs were reported.

Results: In total 85,863 live births were included, with 1,250 neonatal near miss (NNM) cases and 695 identified neonatal deaths. NNM and neonatal mortality ratios were 14.6 and 8.1 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Conditions independently associated with a NNM or neonatal death were the need for neonatal resuscitation (PR 16.73, 95% CI [13.29-21.05]), being single (PR 1.45, 95% CI [1.32-1.59]), maternal near miss or death (PR 1.64, 95% CI [1.14-2.37]), preeclampsia (PR 3.02, 95% CI [1.70-5.35]), eclampsia/HELPP (PR 1.50, 95% CI [1.16-1.94]), maternal age (years) (PR 1.01, 95% CI [<1.01-1.02]), major congenital anomalies (PR 3.21, 95% CI [1.43-7.23]), diabetes (PR 1.49, 95% CI [1.11-1.98]) and cardiac disease (PR 1.65, 95% CI [1.14-2.37]).

Conclusion: Maternal morbidity leads to worse neonatal outcomes, especially in women suffering maternal near miss or death. Based on SIP/PAHO database all these indicators may be helpful for routine situation monitoring in Latin America with the purpose of policy changes and improvement of maternal and neonatal health.