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Utility of quantitative measurement of T using restriction spectrum imaging for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, La Jolla, CA, USA.
The Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score (RSIrs) has been shown to improve the accuracy for diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) compared to standard DWI. Both diffusion and T properties of prostate tissue contribute to the signal measured in DWI, and studies have demonstrated that each may be valuable for distinguishing csPCa from benign tissue. The purpose of this retrospective study was to (1) determine whether prostate T varies across RSI compartments and in the presence of csPCa, and (2) evaluate whether csPCa detection with RSIrs is improved by acquiring multiple scans at different TEs to measure compartmental T (cT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBias in machine learning applications to address non-communicable diseases at a population-level: a scoping review.
BMC Public Health
December 2024
Upstream Lab, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
Background: Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in population and public health to support epidemiological studies, surveillance, and evaluation. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to identify studies that use ML in population health, with a focus on its use in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We also examine potential algorithmic biases in model design, training, and implementation, as well as efforts to mitigate these biases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow does organisational culture facilitate uptake of home dialysis? An ethnographic study of kidney centres in England.
BMJ Open
December 2024
School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK.
Objective: The proportion of people having home dialysis for kidney disease varies considerably by treating centre, socioeconomic deprivation levels in the area and to some extent ethnicity. This study aimed to gain in-depth insights into cultural and organisational factors contributing to this variation in uptake.
Design: This is the first ethnographic study of kidney centre culture to focus on home dialysis uptake.
Inequalities in ownership and availability of home-based vaccination records in 82 low- and middle-income countries.
BMJ Glob Health
December 2024
Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Introduction: Home-based records (HBRs) are widely used for recording health information including child immunisations. We studied levels and inequalities in HBR ownership in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) using data from national surveys conducted since 2010.
Methods: We used data from national household surveys (Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)) from 82 LMICs.
Healthcare avoidance and delay among trans adults: Associations with mental and behavioral health outcomes.
Am J Prev Med
December 2024
Departments of Epidemiology and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Introduction: Healthcare avoidance and delay (HAD) is prevalent among transgender (trans) populations. This study sought to identify patterns of HAD and examine associations between HAD and 5 behavioral health outcomes among trans adults: depression, anxiety, tobacco and alcohol use, and intimate partner violence (IPV).
Methods: This study used survey data collected in 2023 from 789 trans adults in Washington state.
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