Background: Research conducted in urban areas has highlighted the impact of housing instability on people who inject drugs (PWID), revealing that it exacerbates vulnerability to drug-related harms and impedes syringe service program (SSP) use. However, few studies have explored the effects of houselessness on SSP use among rural PWID. This study examines the relationship between houselessness and SSP utilization among PWID in eight rural areas across 10 states.
Methods: PWID were recruited using respondent-driven sampling for a cross-sectional survey that queried self-reported drug use and SSP utilization in the prior 30 days, houselessness in the prior 6 months and sociodemographic characteristics. Using binomial logistic regression, we examined the relationship between experiencing houselessness and any SSP use. To assess the relationship between houselessness and the frequency of SSP use, we conducted multinomial logistic regression analyses among participants reporting any past 30-day SSP use.
Results: Among 2394 rural PWID, 56.5% had experienced houselessness in the prior 6 months, and 43.5% reported past 30-day SSP use. PWID who had experienced houselessness were more likely to report using an SSP compared to their housed counterparts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.24 [95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.01, 1.52]). Among those who had used an SSP at least once (n = 972), those who experienced houselessness were just as likely to report SSP use two (aOR = 0.90 [95% CI 0.60, 1.36]) and three times (aOR = 1.18 [95% CI 0.77, 1.98]) compared to once. However, they were less likely to visit an SSP four or more times compared to once in the prior 30 days (aOR = 0.59 [95% CI 0.40, 0.85]).
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that rural PWID who experience houselessness utilize SSPs at similar or higher rates as their housed counterparts. However, housing instability may pose barriers to more frequent SSP use. These findings are significant as people who experience houselessness are at increased risk for drug-related harms and encounter additional challenges when attempting to access SSPs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00892-w | DOI Listing |
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School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7K 0C2.
Ambient mass spectrometry (MS) technologies have been applied to spatial metabolomic profiling of various samples in an attempt to both increase analysis speed and reduce the length of sample preparation. Recent studies, however, have focused on improving the spatial resolution of ambient approaches. Finer resolution requires greater analysis times and commensurate computing power for more sophisticated data analysis algorithms and larger data sets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Meas Sci Au
December 2024
Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75248, United States.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Aviation safety sensitive personnel (SSP) function in highly complex environments. SSP mental health is thought to support safety, efficiency, and overall health. Research is needed to identify how to optimize and screen mental health across aviation SSP, but no consensus exists on the research priorities that need to be met.
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