AI Article Synopsis
- Esophageal carcinoma is very rare in children and adolescents, with two reported cases showing progressive dysphagia and no specific underlying risk factors.
- One case was adenocarcinoma, which responded well to treatment, while the other was squamous cell carcinoma, which was unresponsive and led to the patient's death.
- A review of literature on pediatric esophageal carcinoma revealed a high incidence of progressive dysphagia, a common occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma, and a poor prognosis due to metastasis in many cases at diagnosis, highlighting the need for collaborative treatment efforts.
Article Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma in children and adolescents is extremely rare. Here, we report 2 cases of pediatric esophageal carcinoma presenting with progressive dysphagia. There was not any underlying specific risk factor in our cases. The histopathological subtypes were adenocarcinoma in one and squamous cell carcinoma in another case. Response to combined modality treatment was good in the case of adenocarcinoma, while the patient with squamous cell carcinoma was unresponsive to treatment and died of the progressive disease. We reviewed the pediatric cases of esophageal carcinoma reported in the literature. Progressive dysphagia was observed in 89% of these cases. One third of pediatric cases had underlying risk factors. Squamous cell carcinoma is a more common type of childhood esophageal carcinoma. In contrast to adults, pediatric esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may distribute throughout the esophagus. Esophageal adenocarcinoma was seen in the distal esophagus in pediatric cases. Metastatic disease was found in 48% of pediatric patients at presentation, and the prognosis is poor. Collaborative efforts are needed for success in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
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