In this study, the magnetic photocatalyst Scendesmus/FeO/TiO was synthesized, and its sonophotocatalytic properties in relation to the degradation of the Red195 dye were evaluated. Particles were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier's transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). At a pH of 5, a photocatalyst dosage of 100 mg, an initial R195 concentration of 100 mg/l, an ultrasound power of 38W, and an exposure time of 20 min, the maximum Red195 removal efficiency (100%) was achieved. After five cycles of recycling, the composite's sonophotocatalytic degradation stability for R195 remains above 95%. Experiments on scavenging indicate that electrons (h) and hydroxyls (OH) are indispensable decomposition agents. The removal of R195 by Scendesmus/FeO/TiO is consistent with the pseudo-first-order kinetic, Freundlich, and Henderson's isotherm models, as determined by kinetic and isotherm investigations. The negative activation enthalpy of the standard (ΔH°) illuminates the exothermic adsorption mechanism. The increase in standard Gibbs activation free energy (ΔG°) with increasing temperature reveals the process is not spontaneous. As indicated by the negative value of the standard entropy of activation (ΔS°), activation of the reactants resulted in a loss of freedom.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10598211PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45274-1DOI Listing

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