Lamins as structural nuclear elements through evolution.

Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins with important, well-established roles in humans and other vertebrates. Lamins interact with DNA and numerous proteins at the nuclear envelope to determine the mechanical properties of the nucleus, coordinate chromatin organization, and modulate gene expression. Many of these functions are conserved in the lamin homologs found in basal metazoan organisms, including Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. Lamin homologs have also been recently identified in non-metazoans, like the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, yet how these proteins compare functionally to the metazoan isoforms is only beginning to emerge. A better understanding of these distantly related lamins is not only valuable for a more complete picture of eukaryotic evolution, but may also provide new insights into the function of vertebrate lamins.