Debates about the concept of Free Will date back to ancient times. About 40 years ago, Benjamin Libet designed an experiment showing that the conscious intention to move is preceded by a specific pattern of brain activation. His finding suggested that unconscious processes determine our decisions. Libet-style experiments have continued to dominate the debate about Free Will, pushing some authors to argue that the existence of Free Will is a mere illusion. We believe that this dispute is because we often measure Free Will using arbitrary human decisions rather than deliberate actions. After reviewing the definition of Free Will and the related literature, we conclude that the scientific evidence does not disprove the existence of Free Will. However, our will encounters several constraints and limitations that should be considered when evaluating our deeds' personal responsibility.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-023-07138-4 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Hum Factors
January 2025
Institute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Background: The internet is a key source of health information, but the quality of content from popular search engines varies, posing challenges for users-especially those with low health or digital health literacy. To address this, the "tala-med" search engine was developed in 2020 to provide access to high-quality, evidence-based content. It prioritizes German health websites based on trustworthiness, recency, user-friendliness, and comprehensibility, offering category-based filters while ensuring privacy by avoiding data collection and advertisements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
Decipher Health, Delhi, India.
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality globally and affects more than 100 million people in the world's most populous country, India. Nutrition is a critical and evidence-based component of effective blood glucose control and most dietary advice emphasizes carbohydrate and calorie reduction. Emerging global evidence demonstrates marked interindividual differences in postprandial glucose response (PPGR) although no such data exists in India and previous studies have primarily evaluated PPGR variation in individuals without diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncologist
January 2025
HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.
Lessons Learned: Intravenous paricalcitol did not improve the efficacy of pembrolizumab, likely related to the short half-life.
Background: Immunotherapy has limited benefit in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with the tumor microenvironment playing a key role in immune resistance. In preclinical studies, vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists have been shown to sensitize pancreatic tumors to PD-1 blockade.
Small
January 2025
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
The transition metal single atoms (SAs)-based catalysts with M-N coordination environment have shown excellent performance in electrocatalytic reduction of CO, and they have received extensive attention in recent years. However, the presence of SAs makes it very difficult to efficiently improve the coordination environment. In this paper, a method of direct high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization of ZIF-8 adsorbed with Ni and Fe ions is reported for the synthesis of Ni SAs and FeN nanoparticles (NPs) supported by the N-doped carbon (NC) hollow nanododecahedras (HNDs) with nanotubes (NTs) on the surface (Ni SAs/FeN NPs@NC-HNDs-NTs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ecol
January 2025
Institute of Freshwater Research, Department of Aquatic Resources (SLU Aqua), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, Sweden.
How genetic variation contributes to adaptation at different environments is a central focus in evolutionary biology. However, most free-living species still lack a comprehensive understanding of the primary molecular mechanisms of adaptation. Here, we characterised the targets of selection associated with drastically different aquatic environments-humic and clear water-in the common freshwater fish, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis).
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