AI Article Synopsis
- Vaccinations during early life can lead to varying immune responses, sometimes resulting in inadequate protection against serious infections.
- Modifiable factors, such as antibiotic use, feeding methods, and delivery type, play a significant role in shaping infant immune responses by affecting the development of the microbiota and metabolome.
- Understanding how these early life factors influence vaccine effectiveness could help identify a pre-vaccination endotype to improve vaccine response predictions and reduce infection risks.
Article Abstract
Vaccinations in early life elicit variable antibody and cellular immune responses, sometimes leaving fully vaccinated children unprotected against life-threatening infectious diseases. Specific immune cell populations and immune networks may have a critical period of development and calibration in a window of opportunity occurring during the first 100 days of early life. Among the early life determinants of vaccine responses, this review will focus on modifiable factors involving development of the infant microbiota and metabolome: antibiotic exposure, breast versus formula feeding, and Caesarian section versus vaginal delivery of newborns. How microbiota may serve as natural adjuvants for vaccine responses and how microbiota-derived metabolites influence vaccine responses are also reviewed. Early life poor vaccine responsiveness can be linked to increased infection susceptibility because both phenotypes share similar immunity dysregulation profiles. An early life pre-vaccination endotype, when interventions have the highest potential for success, should be sought that predicts vaccine response trajectories.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104777 | DOI Listing |
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