The gradual accumulation of noisy evidence for or against options is the main step in the perceptual decision-making process. Using brain-wide electrophysiological recording in mice (Steinmetz et al., 2019), we examined neural correlates of evidence accumulation across brain areas. We demonstrated that the neurons with drift-diffusion model (DDM)-like firing rate activity (i.e., evidence-sensitive ramping firing rate) were distributed across the brain. Exploring the underlying neural mechanism of evidence accumulation for the DDM-like neurons revealed different accumulation mechanisms (i.e., single and race) both within and across the brain areas. Our findings support the hypothesis that evidence accumulation is happening through multiple integration mechanisms in the brain. We further explored the timescale of the integration process in the single and race accumulator models. The results demonstrated that the accumulator microcircuits within each brain area had distinct properties in terms of their integration timescale, which were organized hierarchically across the brain. These findings support the existence of evidence accumulation over multiple timescales. Besides the variability of integration timescale across the brain, a heterogeneity of timescales was observed within each brain area as well. We demonstrated that this variability reflected the diversity of microcircuit parameters, such that accumulators with longer integration timescales had higher recurrent excitation strength.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0282-23.2023 | DOI Listing |
Background: Metabolic processes form the basis of the development, functioning and maintenance of the brain. Despite accumulating evidence of the vital role of metabolism in brain health, no study to date has comprehensively investigated the link between circulating markers of metabolic activity and in vivo brain morphology in the general population.
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Endogenous retroviral (ERV) RNA is highly expressed in cancer, although the molecular causes and consequences remain unknown. We found that ZC3H18 (Z18), a component of multiple nuclear RNA surveillance complexes, has recurrent truncating mutations in cancer. We show that Z18 mutations are oncogenic and that Z18 plays an evolutionarily conserved role in nuclear RNA surveillance of ERV RNA.
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Diabetic cognitive dysfunction is one of the important comorbidities and complications of diabetes, which is mainly manifested by loss of learning ability and memory, behavioural disorders, and may even develop into dementia. While traditional anti-diabetic medications are effective in improving cognition and memory, long-term use of these medications can be accompanied by undesirable side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective alternative therapies.
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