From waste to resource: Membrane technology for effective treatment and recovery of valuable elements from oilfield produced water.

Oilfield produced water, a toxic and saline byproduct of the oil and gas industry, has become a global concern due to its adverse environmental and human health impacts. With large volumes of oilfiled produced water generated annually and predictions of even higher volumes in the near future, effective treatment and resource recovery are imperative. This review paper explores the potential of membrane technology, particularly integrated membrane systems, in treating and recovering valuable elements from oilfield produced water. The increasing attention to this topic is evident, but research on resource recovery still needs to be expanded. Membrane technology offers a promising solution due to its efficiency and minimal need for chemical additives or thermal inputs. However, challenges such as fouling, resistance to oil and organics, and economic viability must be addressed. By discussing oilfield produced water characteristics, treatment methods, practical applications, challenges, and prospects, this review underscores the transformative role of membrane technology in turning oilfield produced water into a valuable resource. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of research in developing anti-fouling membranes, sustainable waste management techniques, and efficient cleaning protocols while considering economic implications and market dynamics for resource recovery.