Reassembled Vacuoles for Drug Delivery Carriers Using Yeast Vacuoles for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity.

In this study, we aimed to develop an efficient drug delivery system by reassembling vacuoles isolated from . Initially, we assessed the impact of vacuolar enzymes on the efficacy of the loaded antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB), by conducting antibacterial activity tests using and . The results showed that vacuolar enzymes inhibited the effectiveness of PMB, highlighting the limitations of using natural vacuoles as drug carriers. To overcome this, we proposed a new drug delivery system called reassembled vacuoles (ReV). ReV particles were created by removing vacuolar enzymes and reassembling the vacuolar membrane through extrusion. ReV demonstrated improved structural stability, a more uniform size, and enhanced PMB release compared to natural vacuoles. Encapsulation efficiency tests revealed high loading efficiency for both normal vacuoles (NorV) and ReV, with over 80% efficiency at concentrations up to 600 μg/mL. The antibacterial activity of PMB-loaded ReV showed comparable results to PMB alone, indicating the potential of ReV as a drug delivery system. In conclusion, reassembled vacuoles offer a promising approach for drug delivery, addressing the limitations of natural vacuoles and providing opportunities for targeted and efficient drug release.