Objective: To explore the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children in relation to exposure to rotavirus infections.
Research Design And Methods: A nationwide register-based ecological study on the 1995-2015 birth cohorts in Finland compared those born before and after the national implementation of the rotavirus vaccine in 2009.
Results: When the prevaccine 2001-2005 birth cohorts were compared with the postvaccine birth cohorts, the number of children exposed to rotavirus infection by the age of 5 years decreased from 2,522 per 100,000 children (2.5%) to 171 per 100,000 children (0.2%), while the incidence of type 1 diabetes in those aged <5 years decreased from 71.5 to 54.4 per 100,000 person-years (incidence rate ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.86).
Conclusions: At the population level, a decrease in exposure to rotavirus infections was associated with a decrease in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in young children.
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