Esophageal cancer is common worldwide, including in Japan, and its major histological subtype is squamous cell carcinoma. However, there are some rare esophageal cancers, including neuroendocrine neoplasm, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, carcinosarcoma and malignant melanoma. The biological and clinical features of these cancers differ from those of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, different treatment strategies are needed for these cancers but are based on limited evidence. Neuroendocrine neoplasm is mainly divided into neuroendocrine tumor and neuroendocrine carcinoma by differentiation and the Ki-67 proliferation index or mitotic index. Epidemiologically, the majority of esophageal neuroendocrine neoplasms are neuroendocrine carcinoma. The treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma is similar to that of small cell lung cancer, which has similar morphological and biological features. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is known to be associated with alterations in the c-KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor genes and, if resectable, is treated in accordance with the modified Fletcher classification. Carcinosarcoma is generally resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy and requires multimodal treatments such as surgery plus chemotherapy to achieve cure. Primary malignant melanoma is resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, but immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently demonstrated efficacy for malignant melanoma of the esophagus. This review focuses on the current status and future perspectives for rare cancer of the esophagus.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyad144 | DOI Listing |
Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg
January 2025
School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
With the continuous development of Terahertz technology and its high sensitivity to water, Terahertz technology has been widely applied in various research areas within the field of biomedicine, such as research onskin wounds and burns, demonstrating numerous advantages and potential. The aim of this study is to summarize and conclude the current research status of Terahertz radiation in skin wounds, burns, and melanoma. Additionally, it seeks toreveal the development status of Terahertz in skin wound models and analyze the short comings of Terahertz in detecting such models at the present stage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Med
March 2025
Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory , Shenzhen, China.
BRAF mutations drive initiation and progression of various tumors. While BRAF inhibitors are effective in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients, intrinsic or acquired resistance to these therapies is common. Here, we identify non-receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase 23 (PTPN23) as an alternative effective target in BRAF-mutant cancer cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFItal J Dermatol Venerol
January 2025
1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
Background: Primary tumor thickness is important for prognosis of melanoma patients. To enhance prevention and quantify the true burden of melanoma, better understanding of thickness patterns and associated characteristics is crucial. Previous studies have been limited to report trends and address risk factors of thickness in specific melanoma subtypes in the Greek population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFItal J Dermatol Venerol
January 2025
Emilia-Romagna Cancer Registry, Romagna Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) Dino Amadori, Meldola, Forlì, Italy.
Background: The epidemiology of skin melanoma (SM) is rapidly changing. Therefore, we aimed at updating up to 2024 the Italian estimates on SM providing the number of incident and prevalent cases, the deaths and the distribution by stage at diagnosis.
Methods: Incidence was extrapolated from age- and sex-specific International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates from 2022 to 2025.
Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are expected to demonstrate secondary effects against malignancy. However, long-term and large-scale data are required to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on malignancy, which has not been sufficiently studied in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and malignancy using the spontaneous adverse reaction database.
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