Comparison of lobectomy and sublobar resection for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the prognostic between lobectomy and sublobar resection in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the prognosis of lobectomy and sublobar resection for stage I NSCLC, with the primary outcomes being overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results: A total of 2222 patients were included in the 5 RCTs. The results showed no statistical difference in OS (HR=0.87, p=0.445) and DFS (HR=0.99, p=0.918) between patients who underwent lobectomy and sublobar resection during the total follow-up period. In terms of dichotomous variables, there were no statistical differences in OS (relative ratio [RR]=1.05, p=0.848) and DFS (RR=1.21, p=0.075) between the two groups during the total follow-up period, as well as 5-year OS (RR=0.96, p=0.409) and 5-year DFS (RR=0.95, p=0.270). In addition, subgroup analysis showed a better prognosis for non-adenocarcinoma patients with sublobar resection than lobectomy (HR=0.53, p=0.037), but also an increased cause of cancer death (not limited to lung cancer) (RR=1.56, p=0.004).

Conclusion: Our results showed that for stage I NSCLC, lobectomy is usually not a justified operation.

Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023407301, identifier CRD42023407301.