Interaction between the substrate and probe in liquid metal Ga: experimental and theoretical analysis.

Interaction between two bodies in a liquid metal is an important topic for development of metallic products with high performance. We conducted atomic force microscopy measurements and achieved the interaction between the substrate and the probe in liquid Ga of an opaque and highly viscous liquid. The interaction cannot be accessed with the normal atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, and beam reflectometry. We performed a theoretical calculation using statistical mechanics of simple liquids by mixing an experimentally derived quantum effect. From both experiment and theory, we found an unusual behaviour in the interaction between the solvophobic substances, which has never been reported in water and ionic liquids. Shapes of the interaction curves between several solvophobic and solvophilic pairs in liquid Ga are also studied.