AI Article Synopsis
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous radical that plays significant roles in various physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer, inflammation, and blood vessel dilation.
- The production of NO is carried out by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which include two constitutive forms (nNOS and eNOS) and an inducible form (iNOS), along with a non-enzymatic pathway involving nitrate and nitrite.
- NO has both anti- and pro-oxidant properties that can influence cancer dynamics by affecting tumor growth through mechanisms like metabolism, DNA repair, and angiogenesis, depending on its concentration and how it's released over time.
Article Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous radical, governs a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, pro-inflammatory signalling, and vasodilation. The family of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which comprises the constitutive forms, nNOS and eNOS, and the inducible form, iNOS, produces NO enzymatically. Additionally, NO can be generated non-enzymatically from the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The anti- and pro-oxidant properties of NO and its functional dualism in cancer is due to its highly reactive nature. Numerous malignancies have NOS expression, which interferes with the tumour microenvironment to modulate the tumour's growth in both favourable and unfavourable ways. NO regulates a number of mechanisms in the tumour microenvironment, including metabolism, cell cycle, DNA repair, angiogenesis, and apoptosis/necrosis, depending on its concentration and spatiotemporal profile. This review focuses on the bi-modal impact of nitric oxide on the alteration of a few cancer hallmarks.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189001 | DOI Listing |
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