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Background: In recent decades, there has been a growing interest within the scientific community regarding the study of the fraction that could be released in simulated biological fluids to estimate in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of compounds. Concerning particulate matter (PM), studies were essentially focused on metal (oid)s probably due to more complex methodologies needed for organic compounds, requiring extraction and pre-concentration steps from simulated fluids, followed by chromatographic analysis. Thus, the development of a simple and sensitive methodology for the analysis of multi-class organic compounds released in different inhalation simulated fluids would represent a great contribution to the field.
Results: In this work, a methodology for the analysis of 49 organic pollutants, including 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), 11 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 6 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) and 2 bisphenols released in simulated fluids from PM samples was developed. After a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) by using artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and a simulated body fluid (SBF, filling a dialysis membrane) to obtain in vitro inhalation bioaccessible and bioavailable fractions, respectively; compounds were determined by a vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (VALLE) and a subsequent analysis by programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-MS/MS). Experimental conditions concerning VALLE extraction (extraction time and amount of NaCl (g)) were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD), best MS/MS transitions were selected and matrix-matched calibration combined with use of labelled subrogate standards provided high sensitivity, minimization of matrix effects and recovering losses compensation.
Significance: The successful validation results obtained for most of the compounds demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for the analysis of multi-class organic pollutants released in ALF and SBF for inhalation bioaccessibility and bioavailability assessment, respectively. Furthermore, applicability of the method was proved by analysing 20 p.m. samples, being the proposed in vitro PBET dialyzability approach for assessing organic pollutant's inhalation bioavailability applied to PM samples for the first time.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2023.341862 | DOI Listing |
Front Immunol
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
Exposure to environmental contaminants can result in profound effects on the host immune system. One class of environmental toxicants, known as dioxins, are persistent environmental contaminants termed "forever chemicals". The archetype toxicant from this group of chemicals is 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an immunotoxicant that activates the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor pathway leading to a variety of changes in immune cell responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res X
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Solar evaporation exhibits significant potential for the treatment of high-salt organic wastewater. However, it's also confronted with challenges due to the accumulation of organic pollutants and salts in the concentrated wastewater following evaporation, which compromises the long-term stability of evaporation unit and complicates subsequent treatment processes. To address these challenges, a volumetric solar interfacial evaporation (V-SIE) system by integrating FeO HO nanofluids and peroxydisulfate (PDS) were proposed in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
December 2024
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono167, Malang, 65145, Indonesia.
Industrial organic dyes represent a significant portion of pollutants discharged into the environment, particularly by the textile industry. These compounds pose serious threats to living organisms due to their high toxicity. Various techniques have been explored for the degradation of organic dyes, among which heterogeneous photocatalysis utilising titanium dioxide (TiO) stands out as a promising technology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
December 2024
Department of Business Administration, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana.
The study examines the increasing use of organic soil amendments (OSA) due to declining soil fertility and the high cost of synthetic fertilizers, alongside growing concerns about microplastics (MPs) accumulating in soil, which negatively impact soil, crop, and food quality. This research assessed the presence and characteristics of microplastics in Municipal Solid Waste Composts (MSWC) and dry sewage sludge (DSS) within the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) of Ghana. The study analyzed two sources of MSWC (MSWC 1 and MSWC 2) and two sources of DSS (Sludge 1 and Sludge 2), with five samples each, for microplastic concentrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
East China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA.
Although heterogeneous Fenton-like processes have attracted widespread attention in wastewater treatment, the mass leached active ions lead to secondary pollution and confuse the demarcation of reaction region. By constructing a constrained completely heterogeneous system and highlighting its reaction region concentrated within the slipping plane of particles, this work achieves efficient organic pollutants degradation without leaching of any free active metal components. Based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and electric double layer model, the specific existing of the constrained region is confirmed, and this neglected reaction region between solid interface and slipping plane in traditional heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction is clarified firstly.
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