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Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by a parasitic, trematode blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma. With 20 million people infected, mostly due to Schistosoma haematobium, Nigeria has the highest burden of schistosomiasis in the world. We review the status of human schistosomiasis in Nigeria regarding its distribution, prevalence, diagnosis, prevention, orthodox and traditional treatments, as well as snail control strategies. Of the country's 36 states, the highest disease prevalence is found in Lagos State, but at a geo-political zonal level, the northwest is the most endemic. The predominantly used diagnostic techniques are based on microscopy. Other methods such as antibody-based serological assays and DNA detection methods are rarely employed. Possible biomarkers of disease have been identified in fecal and blood samples from patients. With respect to preventive chemotherapy, mass drug administration with praziquantel as well as individual studies with artemisinin or albendazole have been reported in 11 out of the 36 states with cure rates between 51.1 and 100%. Also, Nigerian medicinal plants have been traditionally used as anti-schistosomal agents or molluscicides, of which Tetrapleura tetraptera (Oshosho, aridan, Aidan fruit), Carica papaya (Gwanda, Ìbẹ́pẹ, Pawpaw), Borreria verticillata (Karya garma, Irawo-ile, African borreria), and Calliandra portoricensis (Tude, Oga, corpse awakener) are most common in the scientific literature. We conclude that the high endemicity of the disease in Nigeria is associated with the limited application of various diagnostic tools and preventive chemotherapy efforts as well as poor knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Nonetheless, the country could serve as a scientific base in the discovery of biomarkers, as well as novel plant-derived schistosomicides and molluscicides.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07993-2 | DOI Listing |
Parasit Vectors
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
Background: Biomphalaria glabrata acts as the intermediate host of schistosomes that causes human schistosomiasis. Symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus associated with Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, produce secondary metabolites with several biological activities. Controlling B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Glob Health
January 2025
Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address:
Background: Periportal fibrosis is a severe morbidity caused by both current and past exposure to intestinal schistosomes. We aimed to assess the association between current infection status and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, or Schistosoma mekongi with periportal fibrosis.
Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Global Health, Global Index Medicus, and MEDLINE from database inception to June 18, 2024.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Introduction: Cerebral schistosomiasis is a rare but severe manifestation of infection, often leading to significant neurological impairment. This case report details the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment of a 3-year-old girl with cerebral schistosomiasis in Sichuan, China.
Case Description: A 3-year-old girl from a rural area in Sichuan, China, presented with a 3-month history of unstable walking, left facial paralysis, drowsiness, and intermittent fever.
Parasit Vectors
December 2024
Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis was confirmed endemic in Mangochi District, Malawi, in May of 2018 following an unexpected encounter with discreet populations of Biomphalaria spp. freshwater snails during routine malacological surveillance activities. Since then, only limited malacological surveillance of Biomphalaria has been carried out, and so the distribution of Biomphalaria populations in this area is currently unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMalar J
December 2024
Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Background: Due to the overlapping endemic regions and the high burden of both infections, coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansoni poses distinct public health concerns that require coordinated, multifaceted interventions. There are epidemiological studies on the coinfection of these two parasites in Ethiopia, and the results differ and are inconsistent from one region to another. Thus, the goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to ascertain Ethiopia's pooled prevalence of P.
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