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Developing a Prototype Pathogen Plan and Research Priorities for the Alphaviruses. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Alphavirus infections typically result in non-specific acute fever, but can lead to serious complications such as encephalitis or chronic joint pain, posing significant health risks and occasional death.
  • * Efforts to develop vaccines and antibody treatments for major threats like chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis are ongoing, with a focus on improving understanding of how these viruses infect humans and evade the immune response.

Article Abstract

The Togaviridae family, genus, Alphavirus, includes several mosquito-borne human pathogens with the potential to spread to near pandemic proportions. Most of these are zoonotic, with spillover infections of humans and domestic animals, but a few such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have the ability to use humans as amplification hosts for transmission in urban settings and explosive outbreaks. Most alphaviruses cause nonspecific acute febrile illness, with pathogenesis sometimes leading to either encephalitis or arthralgic manifestations with severe and chronic morbidity and occasional mortality. The development of countermeasures, especially against CHIKV and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that are major threats, has included vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics that are likely to also be successful for rapid responses with other members of the family. However, further work with these prototypes and other alphavirus pathogens should target better understanding of human tropism and pathogenesis, more comprehensive identification of cellular receptors and entry, and better understanding of structural mechanisms of neutralization.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007399PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac326DOI Listing

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