Performance evaluation of solar still using evacuated tube collector with and without nanoparticles.

Solar-thermal distillation is recognized as a low-cost, long-term technique of producing high-quality fresh water in the lack of energy and clean water infrastructure. Improvements to distillation have lately been developed by the application of three main phases depending on the transition of sunlight into heat energy, the generation of thermal vapor, and the condensation of vapor into water. The effectiveness of collected distillation water from evacuated tube collectors on nanoparticles was examined along with basic fluids including water and copper oxide, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide. Additionally, an investigation of the relationship between specific heat and thermal conductivity, as well as between actual and theoretical heat generation, was conducted. For 11 h of operation, 2275 ml of distilled water was collected using evacuated tube collectors without nanoparticles. The efficiency of the nanoparticles compared to water was more than 17.4% CuO, 15.7% AlO, and 14.5% ZnO improved and an increase in overall efficiency of 66.6%. As a result of the experiment, the greatest actual heat generation, expressed in kilowatt-hour, exceeds the theoretical value.