Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Objective: Apply natural language processing (NLP) to Amazon consumer reviews to identify adverse events (AEs) associated with unapproved over the counter (OTC) homeopathic drugs and compare findings with reports to the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Materials And Methods: Data were extracted from publicly available Amazon reviews and analyzed using JMP 16 Pro Text Explorer. Topic modeling identified themes. Sentiment analysis (SA) explored consumer perceptions. A machine learning model optimized prediction of AEs in reviews. Reports for the same time interval and product class were obtained from the FAERS public dashboard and analyzed.
Results: Homeopathic cough/cold products were the largest category common to both data sources (Amazon = 616, FAERS = 445) and were analyzed further. Oral symptoms and unpleasant taste were described in both datasets. Amazon reviews describing an AE had lower Amazon ratings (X2 = 224.28, P < .0001). The optimal model for predicting AEs was Neural Boosted 5-fold combining topic modeling and Amazon ratings as predictors (mean AUC = 0.927).
Discussion: Topic modeling and SA of Amazon reviews provided information about consumers' perceptions and opinions of homeopathic OTC cough and cold products. Amazon ratings appear to be a good indicator of the presence or absence of AEs, and identified events were similar to FAERS.
Conclusion: Amazon reviews may complement traditional data sources to identify AEs associated with unapproved OTC homeopathic products. This study is the first to use NLP in this context and lays the groundwork for future larger scale efforts.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10746310 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad197 | DOI Listing |
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