Individual differences exist in performance in tasks that require visual search, such as camouflage detection (CD). Field dependence/independence (FD/I), as assessed using the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), is an extensively studied dimension of cognitive style that classifies participants based on their visual perceptual styles. In the present study, we utilized fMRI on 46 healthy participants to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms specific to the cognitive styles of FD/FI while performing a CD task using both activation magnitude and an exploratory functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Group differences between high and low performers on the two extremes of the accuracy continuum of GEFT were studied. No statistically significant group differences were observed using whole-brain voxel-wise comparison. However, the exploratory FC analysis revealed an enhanced communication between various regions subserving the cognitive traits required for visual search by FI participants over and above their FD counterparts. These enhanced connectivities suggest additional recruitment of cognitive functions to provide computational support that might facilitate superior performance in CD task by the participants who display a field-independent cognitive style.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/brain.2023.0044 | DOI Listing |
Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry
October 2023
School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Introduction: For individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) such as autism, Down syndrome, or cerebral palsy, learning to express with language is a two-fold challenge because atypical cognitive capacity is compounded by sensorimotor coordination deficits. One approach to assisting linguistic expression in these individuals is to physically support them, for example, by touching their torso or arm as they type. The neurophysiological mechanism of such motor assistance for linguistic expression is not known, but recently it has been proposed that light touch may reduce the cognitive load associated with the sensorimotor coordination of typing, thereby releasing shared cognitive resources to the task of generating content.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
Lifestyle factors and ambient air pollution are linked to dementia and CMDs, yet few studies have investigated their impact on dementia risk in CMDs patients at the same time. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the influence of lifestyle and ambient air pollution on the dementia risk of the CMDs population among 438,681 participants in the UK Biobank. It is found that the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the population seems to increase with the increase in the number of CMDs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Deptartment of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Aging inevitably gives rise to many challenges and transitions that can greatly impact our (mental) well-being and quality of life if these are not controlled adequately. Hence, the key to successful aging may not be the absence of these stressors, but the ability to demonstrate resilience against them. The current study set out to explore how resilience and successful aging may intersect by investigating how various resilience capacity-promoting (protective) and resilience capacity-reducing (risk) factors relate to mental well-being and quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
November 2024
Department of Occupational Therapy, Kaya University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea.
As society rapidly ages, older adults are becoming an important national issue. Health is a multidimensional concept and both objective and subjective health must be managed. This study investigated factors that influence the subjective and objective health of older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
January 2025
School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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