Prognostic value of procalcitonin in patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for acute infection.

Background: In patients with cirrhosis, infections significantly increase the risk of short and long-term mortality. During infection, the levels of procalcitonin increase, but it has not yet been clarified its prognostic value in subjects with cirrhosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of procalcitonin in patients with liver cirrhosis hospitalized for acute infection, and to compare it with other markers of infection.

Patients: We included 279 patients hospitalized because of infection, 133 with liver cirrhosis. At admission the levels of the main biochemical parameters of infection, i.e. leukocytes, procalcitonin, C reactive protein and lactate, were considered.

Results: The duration of hospitalization and antibiotic therapy were longer in patients with cirrhosis, while no difference was observed for mortality. In both groups, a correlation with the duration of hospitalization and antibiotic therapy was observed for high levels of procalcitonin. In the cirrhotic population, in particular, higher procalcitonin values were associated with an increase in the length of hospitalization and antibiotic therapy, suggesting an even greater predictive value for those patients. High levels of leucocytes and lactate were positively associated with the duration of hospitalization, but not with the duration of antibiotic therapy. For mortality, the strongest correlation was found for high serum lactate levels, regardless of the presence of cirrhosis.

Conclusion: In patients with cirrhosis and acute infection, the value of procalcitonin at admission is a good prognostic indicator for the course of hospitalization, and could be useful for guiding the management and treatment of hospitalized patients.