(RG) as a Chinese herbal medicine can be used both in medicine and food. As the main component of RG, the polysaccharides have a hypoglycemic effect, however, the hypoglycemic activity of RG homopolysaccharides remains unknown. We isolated and purified two polysaccharides, RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 (4.9 kDa and 2.8 kDa) from RG. The structural characteristics, including monosaccharide composition, linkage, and configuration were analyzed by FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, Congo test, and SEM. RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 consist of four monosaccharides (glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose). RGP70-1-1 contains 14 connection modes, with the linkages including l-Ara-(1→, →3)-l-Ara-(1→, →5)-l-Ara-(1→, →3,5)-l-Ara-(1→, →2,5)-l-Ara-(1→, d-Man-(1→, →2)-d-Man-(1→, →4)-d-Man-(1→, d-Gal-(1→, →4)-d-Gal-(1→, →4,6)-d-Gal-(1→, →6)-d-Glc-(1→, →4,6)-d-Glc-(1→, →3,6)-d-Glc-(1→. The linkages of RGP70-1-2 is including →5)-l-Ara-(1→, →3,5)-l-Ara-(1→, →4)-d-Man-(1→, →3,6)-d-Man-(1→, d-Gal-(1→, →6)-d-Gal-(1→, d-Glc-(1→, →6)-d-Glc-(1→, →4,6)-d-Glc-(1→. Furthermore, RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 can inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase. RGP70-1-1 stimulated GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells and was related to the up-regulation of PI3K and p-AKT protein expression. The findings revealed a natural product with potential hypoglycemic activity, which may be used as a GLP-1 secretagogue and a beneficial functional food ingredient for T2D.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10573874PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra05677eDOI Listing

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