Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes for ALI/ARDS: A promising therapy.

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious clinical syndrome with a high morbidity and mortality. Presently, therapeutic approaches for ALI/ARDS primarily revolve around symptomatic supportive care encompassing mechanical ventilation and fluid management. Regrettably, the prognosis for most ALI/ARDS patients remains bleak due to the absence of effective treatment strategies. Even survivors of ALI/ARDS may have long-term pulmonary dysfunction and cognitive impairment. The quality of life has been seriously compromised. The emergence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes has opened up an expansive realm of potential and optimism for addressing the plight of ALI/ARDS patients, as MSCs and their derived exosomes exhibit multifaceted capabilities, including anti-inflammatory properties, facilitation of tissue repair and regeneration, and apoptosis inhibition. Therefore, future research should focus on the possible mechanisms of MSCs and their derived exosomes for the treatment of ALI/ARDS and open up new avenues for their clinical applications.