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Characteristics of Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue, Metabolic Health and the Gut Microbiome in Adults. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is linked to serious health conditions like hypertension and diabetes, while subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) shows less harmful effects; this study aims to explore this relationship in humans, especially concerning the gut microbiome.
  • - A study of 60 healthy adults measured body weight, triglyceride content in various tissues, and performed microbiome analysis to assess the connections between VAT, glucose tolerance, and lipid levels.
  • - Results suggest that higher VAT levels are associated with obesity-related metabolic issues and changes in gut microbiome composition, indicating that VAT could be a key factor in understanding metabolic health and disease risk.

Article Abstract

Context: Compared with the relatively benign effects of increased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume is a causal risk factor for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In rodents, increased VAT volume and triglyceride density and ectopic lipid accumulation in kidneys and liver have been induced by alterations in the gut microbiome. However, few studies have characterized these relationships in humans.

Objective: To evaluate the tissue triglyceride content of VAT and SAT, liver, kidneys, and pancreas in male and female adults and assess associations with markers of glucose tolerance, serum insulin, and lipids and characteristics of the gut microbiome.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of healthy human adults (n = 60) at a clinical research center. Body mass index (BMI), body composition, and oral glucose tolerance were assessed. Microbiome analysis was conducted on stool samples using 16S rRNA v3 amplicon sequencing. The triglyceride content of VAT, SAT, liver, kidney and pancreas were determined by assessing proton density fat fraction (PDFF) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results: Higher VAT PDFF and the ratio of VAT to SAT PDFF were related to higher BMI, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. A higher VAT PDFF and VAT to SAT PDFF ratio were associated with lower alpha diversity and altered beta diversity of the gut microbiome. Differences in VAT were associated with higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, lower relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and enrichment of the bacterial genera Dorea, Streptococcus, and Solobacterium.

Conclusion: VAT PDFF measured with MRI is related to impaired glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and differences in the gut microbiome, independently of the total body fat percentage.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad604DOI Listing

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