Longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms among alcohol consuming men with HIV in India.

Background: Depression and alcohol use are common among people living with HIV (PLWH) and associated with adverse outcomes. However, there is a paucity of studies exploring trajectories of depressive symptom presence over time among alcohol consuming men PLWH.

Methods: Men PLWH were repeatedly assessed for depressive symptoms from baseline through 27 months using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms over time among control (n = 188) and intervention participants (n = 564). Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between trajectory subgroups and baseline independent variables.

Results: Among intervention participants, the three subgroups were characterized as 'low' (85.8 % of the participants), 'fluctuating' (8.7 %), and 'persistently increasing' symptoms (5.5 %). Similarly, three trajectory subgroups among control participants were labeled as: "low" (54.4 %); "fluctuating" (33.5 %) and "persistently increasing'" (12.1 %). Among intervention participants, longer duration since HIV diagnosis (aOR: 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.12) and HIV-related stigma (aOR: 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.18) were associated with persistently increasing depressive symptoms trajectory. Further, alcohol drinking problems (aOR: 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.17) was associated with fluctuating depressive symptoms trajectory. Among control participants, only lower overall self-rated health status was associated with persistently increasing depressive symptoms trajectory (aOR: 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.93-0.99).

Limitations: Selection bias; Information bias; Lack of causal interference; Generalizability.

Conclusion: Identifying subgroups of men PLWH with different depressive symptoms trajectories may inform effective and tailored intervention approaches to address mental health treatment and prevention among alcohol consuming men PLWH in India and elsewhere.