Right femoral vein and right dorsal artery thrombosis in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: A case report.

Background: It is rare for newly diagnosed (de novo) or newly treated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated with thrombotic complications, especially combined arterial and venous thrombosis.

Methods: We reported a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with AML and leukocytosis, who developed right femoral vein and right dorsal artery thrombosis during chemotherapy. After treatment with low molecular weight heparin, diosmin, and alprostadil, symptoms were relieved. Unfortunately, the child suffered from coagulopathy afterward, which was unexpectedly caused by vitamin K deficiency.

Results: After supplementation with vitamin K and prothrombin complex concentrate, coagulation function recovered.

Conclusion: For childhood AML patients with high thrombotic risks, close monitoring during anticoagulant treatment was necessary. Concomitantly, we should be alert to past medication history and combined medication use, especially those that may lead to vitamin K deficiency, secondary bleeding, and coagulation disorders. Rational use of antibiotics, anticoagulants, and antitumor drugs must be guaranteed.