The insulin-like androgenic gland hormone gene (IAG), primarily expressed in the androgenic gland (AG), plays a crucial role in controlling male sex differentiation and maintaining male secondary sexual characteristics in decapods. In this study, we investigated the mRNA and microRNA expression profiles of male Procambarus clarkii to understand the transcriptomic regulatory mechanism of IAG after the injection of an efficient siRNA (GsiRNA) designed based on IAG. The results revealed that several differentially expressed genes were enriched in reproduction-related pathways, such as the wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and GnRH signaling pathway. In the testis (Te), the injection of GsiRNA led to the up-regulation of many ovary-related genes and down-regulation of testis-related genes. Moreover, the brain (Br) and abdominal nerve cord (AN) appeared to be involved in the regulation of IAG, with numerous differentially expressed genes found in Br and AN. Notably, the expression of five neuropeptide genes, Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, pigment-dispersing hormone, red pigment concentrating hormone precursor, corazonin, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone II receptor isoform X1 in Br/AN, was significantly changed. Additionally, three ovary-related miRNAs (miR-263a, miR-263b, miR-133) highly expressed in Te/AG showed significant up-regulation after GsiRNA injection. Furthermore, the long-term interference of GsiRNA was found to inhibit the development of male external sexual characteristics during the juvenile stage and delay it during the adult stage. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism and function of IAG in P. clarkii.
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