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Tract- and gray matter- based spatial statistics show white matter and gray matter microstructural differences in autistic males. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, and this study focuses on the brain microstructure differences between autistic males and neurotypical males from adolescence into adulthood.
  • Researchers used advanced imaging techniques to analyze white and gray matter microstructure in 78 autistic and 81 neurotypical males while considering age-related changes and severity of symptoms.
  • Findings revealed significant differences in brain microstructure between the groups and highlighted how these differences correspond to autistic symptom severity, providing insights that could enhance interventions for autistic adults.

Article Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition commonly studied in the context of early childhood. As ASD is a life-long condition, understanding the characteristics of brain microstructure from adolescence into adulthood and associations to clinical features is critical for improving outcomes across the lifespan. In the current work, we utilized Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and Gray Matter Based Spatial Statistics (GBSS) to examine the white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) microstructure in neurotypical (NT) and autistic males.

Methods: Multi-shell diffusion MRI was acquired from 78 autistic and 81 NT males (12-to-46-years) and fit to the DTI and NODDI diffusion models. TBSS and GBSS were performed to analyze WM and GM microstructure, respectively. General linear models were used to investigate group and age-related group differences. Within the ASD group, relationships between WM and GM microstructure and measures of autistic symptoms were investigated.

Results: All dMRI measures were significantly associated with age across WM and GM. Significant group differences were observed across WM and GM. No significant age-by-group interactions were detected. Within the ASD group, positive relationships with WM microstructure were observed with ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores.

Conclusion: Using TBSS and GBSS our findings provide new insights into group differences of WM and GM microstructure in autistic males from adolescence into adulthood. Detection of microstructural differences across the lifespan as well as their relationship to the level of autistic symptoms will deepen to our understanding of brain-behavior relationships of ASD and may aid in the improvement of intervention options for autistic adults.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565827PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1231719DOI Listing

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