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A pilot exploratory study examining the potential influence of continuous positive airway pressure devices on cranial molding trajectories in preterm infants. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study aimed to explore how two types of CPAP devices affect head shape and size in preterm infants.
  • It involved 20 infants under 32 weeks gestation, comparing outcomes between those using Hudson RCI Nasal Prong CPAP and Fisher-Paykel CPAP devices.
  • Results showed no significant differences in head shape or size by device type, but the Fisher-Paykel CPAP was linked to a higher rate of head circumference growth, suggesting the need for further research on CPAP effects and positioning practices for preventing head deformities.

Article Abstract

Objective: The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the potential impacts of two different continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices on preterm infant head shape and circumference.

Study Design: Twenty infants born at <32 weeks gestational age requiring CPAP support were enrolled. Ten infants used the Hudson RCI Nasal Prong CPAP device and 10 infants used the Fisher-Paykel CPAP device. Infant Cranial Index (CI) and head circumference (HC) were collected weekly as well as infant gestational age at birth, and total number of days on CPAP.

Results: At baseline, average total birthweight of infants was 1021 grams (SD = 227 grams), average gestational age was 26.9 weeks (SD = 1.80), mean CI was 79.7 cm (SD = 5.95), and HC was 10.2 cm (SD = 0.92). Days on CPAP ranged from 16 to 63 days, with an average of 40.7 (SD = 13.6) days. Neither CI nor HC differed by device type; however, the Fisher-Paykel device was associated with slightly greater HC growth rate.

Conclusion: CPAP devices and the pressures they apply plausibly contribute to preterm infant cranial molding over time, with the greatest potential impact on infants who require CPAP support for longer periods; however, these findings must be validated in larger cohorts. Additionally, positioning practices should be further examined to determine how they may contribute to or prevent the development of cranial molding deformity.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569633PMC
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0292671PLOS

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