Steroid use in measles: A retrospective cohort study during the 2017 outbreak in tertiary referral center, Rome and Latina, Italy.

Introduction: Since early January 2017, a new measles outbreak in Italy has been observed. The aim of the study was to compare features between adults and children measles cases and evaluate the effect of steroid treatment on the above parameters.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter, descriptive study was performed. We analyzed all patients admitted to the Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome and Latina, from January 2017 to December 2017 and discharged with diagnosis of measles.

Results: We identified 113 patients discharged with the diagnosis of measles infection cases of which 59 adults and 54 children (≤16 years). In adult population 32 patients (54 %) were males, with a median age of 30.5 years old and all unvaccinated (100 %). Keratoconjunctivitis 30 (50 %) was the most frequent complication. In pediatric population 27 (50 %) patients were males, with a median age of 3 years old. Information on measles vaccination status was available for only 21 (38.8 %) of cases. Keratoconjunctivitis 40 (74 %) was the most frequent complication. Analyzing the differences between adult and pediatric patients we found that children were significantly more likely to have keratoconjunctivitis and diarrhea as complications than adults in which the rate of thrombocytopenia and hepatitis was highest. Thirty-nine adult subjects (66 %) have been treated with systemic corticosteroids.

Conclusions: Pediatric patients differ from adults in complications and liver involvement. Regarding steroids use, although there is no clear indication of steroid use during measles, there is no evidence of a worse outcome in our cases series.