Comparison of health resource usage and costs associated with first-generation and second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics for patients with schizophrenia: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

The aim of this study was to examine psychiatric resource utilization, medical costs and clinical outcomes for patients with schizophrenia who received either first-generation or second-generation long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Patients who began either first-generation or second-generation LAI treatment between 2015 and 2017 were enrolled and followed for three years. The data were evaluated using survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Our findings demonstrated that both first- and second-generation LAI therapies led to notable reductions in the frequency of psychiatric hospitalizations and the duration of hospital stays when compared to the initial measurements. Additionally, the second-generation LAI group exhibited significantly lower rates of psychiatric emergencies and hospitalizations, as well as shorter hospital stays, compared to the first-generation LAI group. However, it is worth noting that the second-generation LAI group incurred higher pharmacy fees despite these favorable outcomes. The utilization of both first- and second-generation LAIs can enhance medication adherence and decrease the risk of acute exacerbation in patients with schizophrenia. These findings hold significant implications for schizophrenia management and the efficient allocation of healthcare resources.