Atypical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with ophthalmoplegia and anti-sulfatide IgM positivity.

Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a heterogeneous group of chronic immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathies. The clinical presentation of CIDP is mainly characterized by a classic peripheral demyelinating sensory-motor type and persists for a minimum of 2 months. However, CIDP may also present with atypical symptoms.Case presentation: This report presents the case of a patient with CIDP with ophthalmoplegia and anti-sulfatide IgM antibodies. Maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoid therapies were administered to the patient in accordance with the clinical, laboratory, and electrophysiological findings, which were indicative of CIDP. The treatment partially improved the symptoms, and no recurrence was detected throughout the 3-month monitoring phase.

Conclusions: This study combines a retrospective analysis and a literature review to explore the possible mechanism of CIDP.